Medieval Caernarfon: Unearthing the Past
The Walled Town of Caernarfon
Caernarfon, a town in North Wales, played a pivotal role in the tumultuous history between England and Wales. In the late 13th century, English King Edward I embarked on a campaign to conquer Wales. As part of his strategy, he established a series of fortifications known as the “Iron Ring of Castles.” One of these castles was built in Caernarfon, and alongside it, Edward constructed a walled borough with a grid of streets.
The town walls served as a defensive barrier, protecting the inhabitants from Welsh rebellions and other threats. However, over time, the walls were weakened by attacks and fires, and they were eventually demolished in the 14th century.
Archaeological Discoveries
In recent years, archaeological excavations in Caernarfon have shed new light on the town’s medieval past. One of the most significant discoveries was made during a survey ahead of the construction of a new health center. Archaeologists from C.R. Archaeology unearthed a flight of steps that may represent the remains of the original town wall, built during Edward I’s reign.
Other finds from the survey include fragments of medieval pottery, including the handle of a green wine jug associated with Saintonge ware, a type of pottery manufactured in western France since the 13th century. This discovery suggests that Caernarfon had international trade links during the Edwardian period.
Another intriguing find was the remnants of what appears to be a doorway or a fireplace. If it is a doorway, it could represent a previously unknown entrance to Caernarfon’s gate house, a building that controlled access to the town. If it is a fireplace, it could provide archaeologists with insights into the daily lives of the people who lived in Caernarfon during the medieval period.
The Significance of the Town Walls
The town walls of Caernarfon were more than just a defensive structure. They were also a symbol of Edward I’s authority and the dominance of the English over the Welsh. The walls enclosed a thriving community, with its own social and economic life.
Archaeologists are keen to learn more about the daily lives of the people who lived within the town walls. They hope that future excavations will uncover more evidence of their homes, businesses, and other aspects of their daily routines.
The Historical Context
Edward I’s conquest of Wales was a complex and bloody affair. The Welsh princes had long resisted English rule, but Edward was determined to bring Wales under his control. After a series of campaigns, Edward forced the Welsh princes into submission and established English rule over the region.
Caernarfon played a key role in Edward’s conquest. The castle and town walls were symbols of his power and authority. They also served as a base for English soldiers and administrators, who helped to maintain control over the Welsh population.
The Legacy of Caernarfon
Caernarfon remains a vibrant town today, with a rich history and a proud heritage. The town walls are a reminder of the town’s medieval past and its role in the struggle between England and Wales.
Archaeological excavations continue to uncover new insights into the lives of the people who lived in Caernarfon during the medieval period. These discoveries help us to better understand the history of Wales and the complex relationship between England and Wales.
