John Locke’s Lost Manuscript on Religious Tolerance
Discovery of an Unknown Manuscript
In a remarkable discovery, a previously unknown manuscript by renowned philosopher John Locke has been unearthed at St. John’s College in Maryland. The manuscript, titled “Reasons for Tolerating Papists Equally with others,” challenges long-held assumptions about Locke’s views on religious tolerance.
Locke’s Early Stance on Catholicism
Written in 1667-8, the manuscript provides a glimpse into Locke’s early thinking on religious tolerance. Locke, who is often depicted as an advocate for religious freedom, is known to have held negative views towards Catholics, referring to them as “Papists” in a derogatory manner.
However, the newly discovered manuscript reveals a different perspective. Locke argues for the toleration of Catholics, asserting that it is in the best interests of the prince and the Commonwealth. He suggests that toleration can benefit the realm by promoting peace and stability.
Influence on Western Liberalism
The manuscript also sheds light on the origins of Locke’s later work on religious tolerance. Many of the ideas found in his seminal treatise, “A Letter Concerning Toleration,” are first proposed in this earlier work. Locke’s notion of religious tolerance became a cornerstone of Western liberal democracy, influencing the separation of church and state in the U.S. Constitution.
Analysis of the Manuscript
The manuscript is written in the form of two lists, one outlining reasons for tolerating Catholics and the other reasons against it. Political scientist Cole Simmons points out that Locke’s reasons for tolerating Catholics are all based on the prince’s interest. In contrast, his reasons for not tolerating Catholics are based on the potential benefits to the Commonwealth.
Response to Sir Charles Wolseley
Analysis of the manuscript also suggests that it is a response to Sir Charles Wolseley’s pamphlet “Liberty of Conscience the Magistrates Interest.” Locke appears to be engaging with Wolseley’s arguments and presenting his own perspective on the topic.
Journey of the Manuscript
The manuscript’s journey to St. John’s College is shrouded in mystery. It is believed to have been part of Locke’s papers, which were handed over to his friend Edward Clarke after the foiled Rye House Plot. Clarke’s family may have held onto the manuscript until the 1920s, when it was auctioned off.
Significance of the Discovery
The discovery of Locke’s manuscript is a significant event in the field of Locke scholarship. It challenges previous assumptions about his views on religious tolerance and provides new insights into the development of his thought. The manuscript serves as a valuable primary source for understanding the origins of Western liberal democracy.
