Lost City of Werowocomoco: Uncovering the Algonquian Settlement Crucial to Jamestown’s Survival
Archaeological Discovery
In the annals of American history, the rediscovery of Werowocomoco, the capital of the powerful Algonquian Chief Powhatan, stands as a testament to the resilience of indigenous communities and the enduring legacy of their interactions with European settlers. For centuries, the location of this pivotal settlement remained shrouded in mystery until a remarkable discovery by Lynn Ripley, a York River property owner, in the early 2000s.
Potsherds protruding from the clay on her land caught Ripley’s attention, prompting her to contact archaeologists Randolph Turner and William Martin Gallivan of William and Mary College. Recognizing the significance of her findings, Turner embarked on an extensive search of the area, guided by historical accounts and maps.
Historical Context
The establishment of Jamestown in 1607 marked a turning point in the history of North America. However, the survival of the fledgling colony depended heavily on its relationship with the powerful Algonquian Confederacy led by Chief Powhatan. In 1608, Captain John Smith, an English explorer and mercenary, forged an alliance with Powhatan, securing access to food and supplies for the struggling settlers.
Excavations and Findings
Excavations at Werowocomoco revealed a wealth of artifacts that shed light on the settlement’s history and significance. Archaeologists discovered copperware, glass beads, and other items dating back to the Jamestown era, confirming the close ties between the two communities.
Most notably, the remains of two parallel ditches, each over two football fields in length, were uncovered. These ditches, depicted on a 1608 map by Spanish ambassador Don Pedro de Zuñiga, may have served as boundaries for religious or ceremonial spaces. Radiocarbon analysis revealed that the ditches were constructed in the 13th century, predating Powhatan’s time.
Insights into Algonquian Culture
The discovery of the ditches challenged long-held assumptions about Werowocomoco’s history. It suggested that Powhatan had established his capital at an already existing ancient settlement, rather than founding it himself. This finding underscores the complexity and longevity of Algonquian culture in the Chesapeake Bay region.
Connections to Captain John Smith and Pocahontas
During his 1608 visit to Werowocomoco, Captain John Smith recorded in his journal the distance from the shore to Powhatan’s longhouse as “some thirtie score.” Excavations revealed a structure located approximately 1,500 feet from the riverbank, aligning with Smith’s account and potentially marking the site where the historic encounter between Smith and Pocahontas took place.
Legacy and Preservation
The rediscovery of Werowocomoco not only enriches our understanding of the past but also serves as a reminder of the enduring legacy of indigenous peoples in America. The excavation site is now preserved as a historical landmark, and Virginia Indians and Native Americans are actively involved in its interpretation and protection.
As we commemorate the 400th anniversary of Jamestown’s founding, it is fitting to acknowledge the contributions of the Algonquian Confederacy and the lost city of Werowocomoco, which played a pivotal role in shaping the course of American history.