Trailblazing Black Women in the U.S. Navy
Early Barriers and the Creation of WAVES
During World War II, black women were initially excluded from the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) program, which allowed women to serve in non-combat roles in the Navy. However, thanks to the advocacy of WAVES Director Mildred McAfee and activist Mary McLeod Bethune, black women were finally permitted to join the program in late 1944.
First African American Women Officers
On December 21, 1944, Harriet Ida Pickens and Frances Eliza Wills became the first African American women to be commissioned as officers in the U.S. Navy. Their historic achievement marked a significant milestone in the fight for equality within the military.
Contributions of Black Women in WAVES
Black women in WAVES served in a wide range of roles, including recruiting new members, caring for wounded soldiers, and participating in physical training. They also worked as air traffic controllers, translators, lawyers, hospital corpsmen, bakers, couriers, draftsmen, cryptologists, and meteorologists.
Geographical Restrictions and the Fight for Equality
Despite being able to serve in many fields, WAVES faced geographical restrictions. They were only allowed to serve in the continental US and were not permitted to serve aboard combat ships or in aircraft. This limitation highlighted the ongoing struggle for equality within the Navy.
Overcoming Barriers and Rising through the Ranks
Women in the Navy continued to face barriers to promotion, with the ranks of general and admiral remaining closed to them until 1967. However, groundbreaking women like Admiral Michelle J. Howard shattered these barriers, becoming the first woman in the Navy’s history to attain the rank of four-star admiral in 2014.
Preserving the Legacy of Black Women in the Navy
The National Archives holds a treasure trove of photographs and documents that tell the stories of black women in the Navy. These archives play a crucial role in preserving their legacy and ensuring that their contributions are not forgotten.
Impact of Black Women in the Navy
The trailblazing women of WAVES paved the way for future generations of women in the Navy. Their skill and leadership abilities demonstrated that women were capable of serving in a wide range of roles and made significant contributions to the military.
Ongoing Legacy of Equality and Inclusion
The legacy of black women in the Navy continues to inspire and motivate. Their fight for equality helped to break down barriers and create opportunities for women in the military and beyond. Today, the Navy is committed to diversity and inclusion, ensuring that all women have the opportunity to serve their country with honor and distinction.