Thailand’s Lese Majeste Law and the Case of Sulak Sivaraksa
Historical Context
In 1593, King Naresuan of Thailand (then Siam) is said to have defeated a Burmese Crown Prince in a dramatic battle on elephant-back. This event has become a significant liberation story in Thai culture, particularly for the military. However, historian Sulak Sivaraksa has cast doubt on the details of this legendary duel, questioning whether King Naresuan actually slew the Burmese prince.
Lese Majeste Charges
In 2014, Sivaraksa was charged with lese majeste, a controversial law in Thailand that prohibits defaming or insulting the royal family. The charges stemmed from a university lecture in which Sivaraksa cautioned against propaganda and questioned the historical account of King Naresuan’s feat.
Significance of the Case
The case against Sivaraksa highlighted the suppression of free speech in Thailand under military rule. Since the military seized power in a 2014 coup, there has been a surge in lese majeste charges against dissidents and human rights activists. At least 94 people have been prosecuted and 43 sentenced for violating lese majeste since the coup.
Sulak Sivaraksa: A Profile
Sulak Sivaraksa is a prominent social justice reformer who has been exiled from Thailand twice, imprisoned four times, and accused of defaming the monarchy on multiple occasions. Despite these challenges, he has consistently advocated for freedom of expression and human rights.
The Trial and Acquittal
Sivaraksa’s trial lasted two years, but prosecutors ultimately dropped the case due to lack of evidence. Sivaraksa credited Thailand’s new king, Maha Vajiralongkorn, for securing his freedom. He maintained his innocence throughout the trial and expressed relief at the acquittal.
Implications for Free Speech
The acquittal of Sulak Sivaraksa is a significant victory for freedom of speech in Thailand. It demonstrates that even under a repressive military government, it is possible to challenge the status quo and speak out against injustice.
Historical Doubts and the Importance of Truth
Sivaraksa’s case also raises important questions about the historical accuracy of the King Naresuan story. While the legend has deep cultural significance, it is essential to critically examine historical accounts and challenge any potential distortions or inaccuracies.
The Role of the Monarchy
Thailand’s lese majeste law technically applies only to the living king, queen, and heir apparent. However, the law has been interpreted loosely in the past, and critics argue that it has been used to restrict free speech and silence dissent.
Evolution of Lese Majeste Law
The lese majeste law in Thailand has evolved over time, reflecting changing political and social contexts. It is important to understand the historical development of the law and its implications for freedom of expression.
Conclusion
The case of Sulak Sivaraksa and the issue of lese majeste in Thailand highlight the complex relationship between history, politics, and freedom of speech. While cultural narratives can be powerful, it is essential to critically examine them and ensure that they do not become tools for silencing dissent or suppressing the truth. The acquittal of Sivaraksa is a reminder that the fight for freedom of expression is an ongoing struggle, even in the face of adversity.