New Prehistoric Flower Species Discovered Preserved in Amber
Discovery and Significance
Scientists have discovered a new species of prehistoric flower preserved in amber in the Dominican Republic. The flowers, named Strychnos electri, belong to the asterid group, which includes modern plants such as coffee, potatoes, and sunflowers. This discovery provides valuable insights into the evolution of asterids and the ecology of ancient ecosystems.
Preservation in Amber
The delicate structures of flowers rarely fossilize, but amber, the fossilized resin of trees, can preserve them for millions of years. The sticky resin traps and encapsulates specimens, protecting them from decay. In the case of Strychnos electri, the flowers were preserved in amber for tens of millions of years.
Dating the Fossils
Determining the age of amber-encased fossils can be challenging. Unlike fossils preserved in rock, which can be dated using radiocarbon dating, amber is more difficult to date. Scientists rely on other methods, such as analyzing the evolutionary history of life forms found alongside the amber specimens.
In the case of Strychnos electri, scientists used foraminifera and coccoliths, single-celled organisms with distinctive evolutionary paths, to estimate the age of the fossils. However, the tests yielded inconclusive results, suggesting that the flowers could be anywhere from 45 million to 15 million years old.
Relationship to Strychnos Genus
Strychnos electri is thought to be related to the Strychnos genus, which includes plants known for their poisonous properties. Strychnine, a deadly poison, is derived from certain Strychnos species. It is possible that Strychnos electri also possessed some degree of toxicity, offering a defense mechanism against herbivores.
Ecological Implications
The discovery of Strychnos electri sheds light on the ecology of ancient ecosystems in the Americas. The presence of asterids in the fossil record indicates that this group of plants was already evolving millions of years ago, long before the land bridge between North and South America was formed.
Contributions to Human Society
Asterids have played a significant role in human society, providing us with a wide range of foods, beverages, and other products. Coffee, potatoes, peppers, and sunflowers are just a few examples of the many economically and culturally important plants that belong to this group.
The discovery of Strychnos electri helps us better understand the origins and evolution of asterids, deepening our appreciation for the diversity and interconnectedness of life on Earth.