The Hidden World Beneath Our Feet: Exploring the History and Importance of Sewer Systems
Paris: A City of Sewers
Beneath the bustling streets of Paris lies a hidden world of tunnels and waterways that played a crucial role in the city’s history and sanitation. The Paris sewer system, established in the mid-19th century, was one of the first to offer tours, showcasing the engineering marvel that kept the city clean and disease-free. Visitors can learn about the system’s history and see parts of it up close, including a giant iron ball that cleans the tunnels by pushing out waste.
Vienna: The Third Man’s Underground Lair
Vienna’s sewer system has a long history, dating back to the first century AD when the Romans built a sophisticated system in their military camp. Today, visitors can take the Third Man Tour, which begins in the same underground waterway featured in the classic film. The tour includes a screening of the film and a glimpse into the eerily lit filtration system that keeps the city’s sanitation system running smoothly.
Rome: The Ancient Cloaca Maxima
For a glimpse into ancient Roman sanitation, head to Italy to see parts of the Cloaca Maxima. Built in the sixth century B.C.E., this massive sewer system initially drained swamp water and later became a vital part of the city’s infrastructure. Visitors can see parts of the Cloaca above ground in the Shrine of Venus Cloacina and near the Arch of Janus.
Sydney: Underground Drains and Colonial History
Twice a year, visitors can explore the underground drains built in Sydney in the late 18th century. These tunnels, now part of the city’s stormwater network, offer a glimpse into Sydney’s colonial past. Visitors can see the Tank Stream, which served as the city’s first source of fresh water, and explore a section of the stream and tunnel that dates back to 1789.
New York City: Digester Eggs and Valentine’s Day Tours
Every Valentine’s Day, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection hosts a tour of the Newtown Creek wastewater treatment plant. Visitors can learn about the wastewater treatment process and enjoy stunning views of the city from atop the futuristic digester eggs, which process millions of gallons of sludge daily.
The Importance of Modern Wastewater Systems
Modern wastewater systems play a vital role in protecting public health and the environment. They prevent the spread of waterborne diseases, reduce pollution, and provide valuable resources such as fertilizer. By understanding the history and importance of sewer systems, we can appreciate the often-overlooked infrastructure that keeps our cities clean and healthy.
Additional Historical Insights
- The funeral diorama at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, England, once depicted the devastating consequences of cholera outbreaks before the advent of modern sanitation.
- During the construction of the Cloaca Maxima, laborers faced grueling conditions and some even committed suicide, leading to the introduction of crucifixion at the worksite to deter mutiny.
- The Cloaca also served as a symbolic way to “flush out” unwanted elements of Roman society, including criminals and deposed tyrants.
- The Newtown Creek wastewater treatment plant in New York City went into operation in 1967 and has undergone significant upgrades, including the addition of the iconic digester eggs in 2008.