Organized Crime and Corruption in Mid-20th Century New York City
Mayor William O’Dwyer: A Fallen Hero
William O’Dwyer, once a respected mayor of New York City, saw his reputation crumble due to his involvement in widespread corruption. Despite his initial efforts to combat organized crime, O’Dwyer eventually became embroiled in a web of corruption that extended to the highest levels of city government.
Miles McDonald’s Investigation
District Attorney Miles McDonald launched an investigation into corruption within the New York City Police Department, targeting the bookmaking operation of Harry Gross. McDonald’s investigation uncovered a vast network of payoffs and protection rackets involving police officers and politicians.
The Role of James Moran
James Moran, O’Dwyer’s right-hand man, played a central role in the corruption scheme. Moran controlled a fuel oil racket and received bribes from the head of the firemen’s union. He also maintained close ties to mob boss Frank Costello.
Political Interference
As McDonald’s investigation progressed, Mayor O’Dwyer sought to discredit him and obstruct the inquiry. O’Dwyer publicly denounced McDonald’s investigation as a “witch hunt” and pressured police officers to turn against him.
Truman’s Intervention
President Harry Truman intervened to protect O’Dwyer from prosecution. Fearing that a public scandal would damage the Democratic Party, Truman appointed O’Dwyer as U.S. ambassador to Mexico.
The Kefauver Committee
Senator Estes Kefauver’s committee held public hearings on organized crime, which shed light on O’Dwyer’s corruption. O’Dwyer testified before the committee but was evasive and dissembling in his answers.
O’Dwyer’s Downfall
The Kefauver Committee’s report concluded that O’Dwyer had failed to take action against organized crime during his tenure as mayor. O’Dwyer resigned from his ambassadorship and returned to Mexico City to avoid prosecution.
Effects on the American Public
The corruption scandal involving William O’Dwyer and other city officials eroded public trust in government. It highlighted the pervasive influence of organized crime in American cities and the willingness of politicians to turn a blind eye to corruption.
The History of Organized Crime in the United States
The corruption that flourished in mid-20th century New York City was part of a larger pattern of organized crime in the United States. Labor unions, politicians, and law enforcement officials often made alliances with mob bosses to further their own interests. This systemic corruption hindered economic growth, weakened law enforcement, and undermined the rule of law.
Miles McDonald’s Legacy
Despite the setbacks he faced, Miles McDonald remained committed to fighting corruption. He served as a judge for many years and continued to advocate for ethical behavior in government. McDonald’s legacy serves as a reminder that even against powerful forces, the pursuit of justice and integrity is essential for the health of our society.