How the Brain Processes Subway Maps: Designing for Clarity and Usability
Understanding the Challenge
Subway maps are complex visual representations of vast transit systems. They convey a wealth of information, including multiple lines, hundreds of stops, transfers, expresses, and locals. This complexity can make it difficult for users to quickly and easily understand the layout of the system.
How the Brain Processes Maps
Our brains have a limited capacity to absorb information from a map in a single glance. This is due to the way our peripheral vision perceives visual data. When we look at a map, our central vision focuses on a specific area, while our peripheral vision provides a less detailed overview of the surrounding area.
The Problem with Traditional Subway Maps
Traditional subway maps often fail to take into account the limitations of our peripheral vision. As a result, they can be confusing and difficult to read, especially for first-time users or those unfamiliar with the system.
Abstract vs. Geographically Accurate Maps
Research has shown that abstract subway maps, which simplify the layout of the system and focus on the most important connections, are more likely to be easily understood in a single glance. This is because they reduce the amount of visual clutter and make it easier for our brains to identify the key features of the map.
Using Computer Models to Simulate Brain Processing
Researchers at MIT have developed computer models that mimic the way the brain processes maps. These models can be used to identify areas of confusion on subway maps and to create more effective designs.
Case Study: The New York City Subway Map
The New York City subway map is one of the most complex in the world. Researchers at MIT used their computer model to compare the effectiveness of the current map with a more abstract version. They found that the abstract version was significantly easier to understand, especially for first-time users.
Improving Subway Map Design
Based on their research, the MIT team has developed a set of guidelines for improving subway map design. These guidelines include:
- Using abstract maps instead of geographically accurate maps
- Simplifying the layout of the map
- Reducing visual clutter
- Highlighting important connections
- Using color and other visual cues to differentiate between lines and stations
Benefits of Improved Subway Map Design
Improved subway map design can provide a number of benefits, including:
- Reduced confusion and frustration for users
- Increased ridership
- Improved accessibility for all users
Conclusion
Subway maps are essential tools for navigating complex transit systems. By understanding how the brain processes maps, we can design maps that are more clear, usable, and accessible to all users.