Calendula: A Guide to Growing and Caring for Pot Marigolds
About Calendula
Calendula (Calendula officinalis), commonly known as pot marigold, is a popular annual flower prized for its cheerful blooms and medicinal properties. A member of the daisy family, it resembles daisies in appearance and is native to the Mediterranean region. Calendula has been cultivated for centuries for its culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses.
Varieties of Calendula
Numerous cultivars of Calendula officinalis exist, each offering unique characteristics. Some popular varieties include:
- ‘Pink Surprise’: Ruffled gold and yellow flowers with pink edges and dark apricot centers
- ‘Touch of Red’: Mixture of orange and red shades with red-tipped petals
- ‘Greenheart Orange’: Orange petals surrounding lime-green centers
- ‘Citrus Cocktail’: Compact, short plant with yellow and orange flowers, suitable for containers
- ‘Dwarf Gem’: Compact variety with double-petal blooms of orange, yellow, and apricot, ideal for containers
- ‘Prince’: Tall, heat-tolerant variety with orange and yellow blooms
- ‘Golden Princess’: Bright yellow blooms with a contrasting black center
Growing Calendula
Soil: Calendula prefers well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Avoid dense, wet soils that can cause root rot. Aim for a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0).
Light: Calendula generally prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially during the hottest months.
Water: Water frequently until plants are established. Mature plants require only occasional watering. Avoid overwatering, as calendula is drought-tolerant.
Temperature and Humidity: Calendula thrives in mild summer temperatures but may die back in very hot climates. Protect plants from frost with frost blankets or mulch.
Fertilizer: Calendula does not require heavy feeding. Fertilize sparingly with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to avoid leggy growth. Container plants may require monthly feeding with a diluted, balanced fertilizer.
Growing from Seeds: Calendula is easy to grow from seeds, which readily germinate and sprout. Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date or sow directly in the garden just before the last spring frost. Most plants bloom within two months of seeding.
Potting and Repotting: Calendula is well-suited for containers, especially shorter cultivars. Use a well-draining, organic potting mix and ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes.
Harvesting Calendula
Flowers: Calendula flowers can be used fresh or dried in salads, teas, and other recipes. Collect flowers in the late morning after the dew has dried, and pick when they are fully open. Dry flowers by spreading them on a screen in a dry, shady spot until papery dry.
Seeds: Collect calendula seeds in late summer or early fall by leaving faded flowers on the plant until the petals have fallen off and the seed heads have turned tan.
Common Pests and Diseases
Calendula is generally pest and disease resistant, but it can be susceptible to:
- Powdery mildew: Good air circulation can prevent this fungal disease.
- Slugs and snails: Keep the ground clear of debris to minimize damage.
- Aphids and whiteflies: Spray with water or insecticidal soap for control.
FAQs
Is calendula toxic to dogs?
No, calendula is not toxic to dogs or cats.
Is calendula a good companion plant?
Yes, calendula attracts pollinators and beneficial insects, making it a great companion plant for vegetable gardens.
When should I collect Calendula seeds?
Collect Calendula seeds in late summer or early fall, when the seed heads have turned tan and the petals have fallen off.
Additional Tips
- Deadhead spent flowers to encourage reblooming.
- Pinch back young plants to promote bushy growth and prevent legginess.
- Calendula can self-sow in the garden, so don’t mistake seedlings for weeds.
- Calendula is an excellent source of antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used in herbal remedies for skin conditions, digestive issues, and anxiety.