New Research Sheds Light on the Devastating Impact of the Tortoiseshell Trade on Hawksbill Sea Turtles
Historical Exploitation
Over 150 years of data has revealed the alarming extent of the tortoiseshell trade and its devastating impact on hawksbill sea turtles. Prior to this study, data on the trade only went back to 1950, but researchers have now delved into archives from 1844 to 1992, uncovering a hidden history of exploitation.
Staggering Numbers
The analysis shows that more than 1,186,087 pounds of tortoiseshell made it to market before 1950, representing approximately 880,000 individual turtles. This number far exceeds previous estimates, which were based on data from 1950 onwards.
Fishing Down
Researchers challenged the assumption that only large adult turtles were targeted for their shells. As larger turtles were hunted, the harvests expanded to include more young adult and juvenile turtles, a process known as “fishing down.” This practice further depleted the turtle population.
Recalculating the Harvest
Using data from contemporary shipments of illegal tortoiseshell, researchers recalculated the number of turtles harvested over 150 years. The results are staggering:
- Large adults only: 4,640,062 individuals
- Mixed adults: 5,122,951 individuals
- Mixed age: 9,834,837 individuals
- Fishing down: 8,976,503 individuals
Historical Trade Routes and IUU Fishing
The historical trade routes for tortoiseshells remain relevant to today’s illegal fishing practices. Researchers suggest that the networks and operators involved in the tortoiseshell trade may have laid the foundation for contemporary illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
Ongoing Threats
Despite international protection since 1977, hawksbills are still illegally caught in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, often for export to China. The study highlights the need for increased oversight of artisan coastal fishing and commercial fleets to protect turtles and other endangered marine life.
Need for Further Research
This study provides valuable insights into the historical impact of the tortoiseshell trade on hawksbill sea turtles. However, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term consequences of this exploitation and to develop effective strategies for protecting these critically endangered animals.