Craftsman Houses: A Timeless American Architectural Style
Key Characteristics of Craftsman Houses
Craftsman houses are a distinctive American architectural style that emerged from the American Craftsman movement of the early 20th century. They are characterized by their natural materials, handcrafted forms, and emphasis on simplicity and functionality.
Key features of Craftsman houses include:
- Low-pitched roofs with protruding gables and overhanging eaves
- Exposed beams, brackets, and rafters on the exterior
- Wide, open front porches supported by thick tapered columns
- One- to one-and-a-half-story height
- Symmetrical or asymmetrical home design
- Large bay or picture windows with overhanging roof ledges and rafter tails
- Wood siding, typically painted in earth tones such as brown and green
- Stone or stucco accents on both the interior and exterior
- Sash windows that may feature leaded glasswork
History of Craftsman Architecture
The Craftsman style emerged as a backlash against the mass-produced, Victorian architecture of the Industrial Revolution. It emphasized the beauty of natural materials and handcrafted forms, drawing inspiration from the British Arts and Crafts movement.
American furniture designer Gustav Stickley helped popularize the Craftsman style through his early 20th-century magazine, “The Craftsman.” The style spread across the country, becoming particularly popular in California and the Midwest.
Unlike the McMansions that would emerge later, Craftsman-style homes were small- to medium-sized single-family homes that showcased the beauty of simplicity and modesty in architecture. They remain one of the most popular home styles in the United States today.
Interior Design Style of Craftsman Homes
Craftsman houses are known for their cozy, homey, and unpretentious interiors. They feature distinct living and dining spaces, small eat-in kitchen nooks, and a traditional, human-scaled space plan. Living and dining rooms often have central fireplaces clad in brick or tile.
Craftsman interiors make extensive use of woodwork, including thick wood framed windows and doors, built-in bookshelves, window seats, custom millwork, beamed ceilings, and hardwood floors. Medium to dark-stained wood lends a masculine feel to the interiors.
While Craftsman homes feature large windows to let in natural light, they can feel somewhat dark by contemporary standards. Many people choose to lighten up some of the natural woodwork with neutral shades of white, taupe, gray, and beige paint.
Types of Craftsman Homes
There are several different types of Craftsman homes, including:
- Bungalows: Typically one-story homes with modest size and cozy features like overhanging eaves and wide open front porches.
- Prairie style: A notable style that emerged from the American Craftsman movement, characterized by horizontal lines and a ribbon of art glass windows.
- Mission Revival: A Southwestern variation on Craftsman homes that swaps wood siding for stucco and may include clay roof tiles.
Legacy of the American Craftsman Movement
The American Craftsman movement had a profound impact on American architecture and design. It emphasized the importance of natural materials, handcrafted forms, and simplicity in design. The Craftsman style continues to influence architects and designers today, and original Craftsman homes are still highly sought after.
The Craftsman movement also played a role in the development of the Arts and Crafts movement in Europe, which had a similar emphasis on handcrafted forms and natural materials. The legacy of the American Craftsman movement can be seen in many different areas of art and design today.