Benjamin Franklin: Soldier and Commander in the French and Indian War
Early Life and Career
Benjamin Franklin, renowned as a founding father, inventor, and diplomat, also played a significant role as a military commander during the French and Indian War. Before his military service, Franklin was a successful printer and inventor, known for his experiments with electricity and his founding of various civic institutions in Philadelphia.
Military Service
In 1756, as the French and Indian War raged in Pennsylvania, Franklin was appointed military commander due to his experience in the Pennsylvania Assembly, where he had advocated for a strong defense. Despite his lack of formal military training, Franklin proved to be a capable leader.
Gnadenhütten Campaign
Franklin led a force of 170 men to Gnadenhütten, a Moravian settlement that had been attacked by Native Americans. His troops successfully warded off attack and established a fort to protect the settlers. Franklin’s innovative tactics, such as using tethered dogs for scouting and issuing rum rations to encourage attendance at prayer services, proved effective in maintaining discipline and morale.
Political Motivations
Franklin’s military service was not without political motivations. He was a popular figure in Pennsylvania, and his actions during the war further increased his popularity. However, Franklin’s growing influence also raised concerns among some colonial officials, who feared he might use the militia to seize power.
Frontier Appreciation
Franklin’s military service gave him a firsthand understanding of the frontier and its importance to the colonies. He recognized the potential for growth, strength, and wealth in the western territories and believed in their vigorous defense.
Later Career
After his military service, Franklin continued to serve the colonies in various capacities, including as deputy postmaster general and representative to the British government. His diverse experiences and leadership qualities made him a key figure in shaping the destiny of the American nation.
Legacy
While Franklin is primarily remembered for his contributions to science, diplomacy, and the founding of the United States, his military service during the French and Indian War played a pivotal role in his development as a leader and statesman. By understanding the complexities of war, politics, and the frontier, Franklin gained valuable experience that he later applied to his other endeavors.
Additional Insights from Historical Research
Recent discoveries of previously unknown Franklin letters have shed new light on his military service. These letters reveal his keen observations on the frontier, his concern for the welfare of his troops, and his innovative approach to leadership. Alan Houston, a University of California professor, argues that Franklin’s military experience expanded his appreciation for the frontier and reinforced his belief in the power of organization and practicality.
Franklin’s Military Service: A Contradiction?
Franklin’s military service may seem incongruous with his image as a peaceful and enlightened figure. However, his willingness to defend his community and his ability to adapt to new challenges demonstrate the multifaceted nature of his character. By embracing both the intellectual and the martial aspects of life, Franklin embodied the spirit of the American Revolution and helped forge a new nation.