Sarah Fielding: A Pioneer of Female Education and Children’s Literature
Early Life and Education
Sarah Fielding was born in 1710 into a family of seven. Despite her father’s financial struggles, which eventually led to his imprisonment, Fielding received a rudimentary education at a girls’ boarding school. She later expanded her knowledge through self-study, learning to write literary criticism and read Greek and Latin.
Writing Career
Unable to rely on her inheritance or the charity of friends, Fielding turned to writing as a means of supporting herself. Her first novel, “The Adventures of David Simple,” published in 1744, was a critical and commercial success. Fielding’s writing often engaged with the works of male contemporaries like Samuel Richardson, earning her their respect and praise.
The Governess
Fielding’s most significant work was “The Governess,” published in 1749. This novel was the first of its kind, specifically written for children and intended to promote female education. Through its titular character, Mrs. Teachum, “The Governess” imparts lessons on acceptable behavior and personal growth, encouraging girls to cultivate virtues such as compassion, humility, and perseverance.
Challenges of Being a Female Author
As a female author in the 18th century, Fielding faced significant challenges. Women typically had less education than men and were expected to focus on domestic duties. However, Fielding’s writing demonstrated her intelligence and challenged societal norms.
The Importance of Female Education
Fielding believed that education was essential for women’s empowerment. She argued that reading could make women “wiser and better,” enabling them to make informed decisions and contribute to society. By creating “The Governess,” Fielding hoped to inspire girls to pursue their own education and develop their intellectual abilities.
The Tension Between Independence and Domesticity
Fielding’s writing often grappled with the tension between female independence and the societal expectation of marriage and domesticity. While she encouraged women to be educated and self-reliant, she also recognized the importance of finding a suitable husband. This tension reflected the complex social and economic realities of 18th-century England.
Legacy and Impact
“The Governess” was an immense success, remaining in print for over 150 years. It played a significant role in the development of children’s literature and helped to shape ideas about female education. Fielding’s work has been rediscovered and celebrated in recent years, inspiring scholars and readers alike.
The Role of 18th-Century Writing
Fielding’s writing, along with that of other 18th-century women authors, has played a vital role in our understanding of modern thought. The ideas articulated during this period laid the foundation for many of our institutions and values, including our educational system and our concepts of work and equality.
Correcting the Historic Record
For many years, the contributions of women writers like Sarah Fielding were overlooked or dismissed. However, scholars are now working to correct this historic bias and recognize the importance of their work. By highlighting the role of female authors in the 18th century, we gain a more comprehensive understanding of the intellectual and cultural landscape of that time.