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Cultural Impact

Film Studies

The Evolution of Film Creativity: Novelty, Box-Office Success, and the Challenges of Measurement

by Kim
written by Kim

The Evolution of Film Creativity: A Study of Novelty and Box-Office Success

The Golden Age of Film Creativity

According to a recent study published in Nature Scientific Reports, the most creative period in film history was likely the 1960s. This era marked a departure from the dominance of large studios and witnessed the rise of the American New Wave films, such as “Bonnie and Clyde,” and a new breed of action movies exemplified by the James Bond franchise.

Measuring Film Novelty

The researchers analyzed plot keywords from the Internet Movie Database (IMDB) to measure the novelty of films over time. Each keyword was assigned a score based on its rarity compared to previous movies. For example, a common plot point like “beautiful-woman” received a low novelty score, while a unique element like “martial-arts,” which appeared infrequently in films before the 1960s, received a high novelty score.

Novelty and Box-Office Revenue

The study found that while audiences generally preferred films with higher novelty scores, there was a point of diminishing returns. Films with novelty scores above 0.8 on a scale of 0 to 1 tended to experience a drop in box-office revenue.

Limitations of the Study

The study relied on IMDB keywords, which are suggested to users and may not fully capture the subtleties or differences in films from earlier eras. Additionally, cultural events can influence the use of certain keywords, such as the increased use of “terrorism” after 9/11.

Challenges of Measuring Creativity

Measuring creativity in film is a complex task. IMDB keywords provide a limited indicator of a film’s originality or artistic merit. Other factors, such as cinematography, editing, and acting, also contribute to the overall creative impact of a film.

The Future of Film Creativity

Despite the challenges in measuring creativity, the study’s findings suggest that there may be a correlation between novelty and film success. As the film industry continues to evolve, it remains to be seen whether future films will embrace novelty and push the boundaries of cinematic storytelling.

Impact of Cultural Events on Movie Keywords

Cultural events can significantly impact the use of movie keywords. For instance, the increased use of the keyword “terrorism” after 9/11 reflects the heightened awareness and sensitivity to the topic in society. Similarly, major historical events, social movements, and technological advancements can influence the language used to describe and categorize films.

The Role of IMDB Keywords in Measuring Film Creativity

While IMDB keywords provide a convenient and accessible source of data for analyzing film content, their limitations must be acknowledged. IMDB keywords are primarily intended to help users find and identify movies based on specific plot elements or themes. They may not fully capture the nuances and complexities of a film’s narrative, visual style, or overall artistic vision.

The Challenges of Measuring Creativity in Film

Measuring creativity in film is a multifaceted challenge. There is no single, universally accepted definition of creativity, and different individuals may have varying interpretations of what constitutes a creative film. Moreover, creativity can manifest itself in various forms, from innovative storytelling techniques to groundbreaking visual effects. As a result, quantifying and comparing the creativity of different films remains a complex and subjective endeavor.

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Fashion History

Fashion Fads and Classics: The Surprising Stories Behind Them

by Kim
written by Kim

Fashion Fads and Classics: The Surprising Stories Behind Them

Cowboys and Rhinestones

How did cowboys, known for their rugged masculinity, come to embrace flashy outfits adorned with rhinestones? The answer lies in Nudie Cohn, a Ukrainian-born tailor who settled in Hollywood in 1940. With his distinctive name, Nudie quickly made a name for himself by creating flamboyant suits for the likes of Johnny Cash, Dale Evans, Cher, and Elvis Presley.

Nudie’s Rodeo Tailors first gained recognition when he approached Tex Williams, a country music star who lived near Nudie and his wife in California. Nudie offered to make Williams a custom suit, but he needed $150 for a sewing machine. Williams agreed to sell a horse at auction to raise the funds.

Despite a mishap where Nudie initially made the suit with incorrect measurements due to drinking, he eventually delivered the suits to Williams. The band’s performance that night was a huge success, and Williams earned enough money to pay Nudie for his work.

Nudie’s reputation spread quickly, and he soon opened Nudie’s Rodeo Tailors in North Hollywood in 1950. In 1963, the store moved to Lankershim Boulevard, where it remained until it closed in 1994.

Tighty Whities: The Underwear Revolution

The origins of men’s briefs, commonly known as “tighty whities,” are surprisingly fascinating. In 1934, Arthur Kneibler of Cooper Inc. developed the Y-fronts, which were called “jockeys” due to their resemblance to a jockstrap.

Unveiled the following year at Marshall Fields in Chicago, the jockeys quickly became a hit, with the initial order selling out. Cooper was forced to rent a plane to handle the overwhelming demand for the next shipment. The company subsequently changed its name to Jockey International, and its briefs have been a staple in men’s wardrobes ever since.

Today, jockeys are available in various colors and fabrics, but the classic white cotton originals remain the most popular choice. Some men, however, prefer the French Legion-issued, deadstock variety without elastic, as described by Scott Bodenner on Worn Stories.

Plaid: A Checkered Past

Plaid, or tartan as it is known in Britain, has a rich and colorful history. It is closely associated with Scottish clans, who used different patterns and colors to represent their respective groups.

In 1746, following the failed Jacobite uprising led by Bonnie Prince Charlie, the British authorities banned the wearing of tartan under the Act of Proscription. They believed that tartan was a symbol of rebellion and could incite further unrest.

Fortunately for Scots and the fashion world, tartan was allowed to return from exile in 1782. Today, it is a popular fabric used in everything from clothing to home décor.

Other Sartorially-Enriching Articles

In addition to the aforementioned topics, several other articles offer insightful perspectives on fashion history and trends:

  • Bureau of Trade’s post on GQ, “In Defense of Tighty Whities,” explores the correlation between the popularity of skinny jeans and the increased demand for briefs.
  • Worn Stories features an article by Scott Bodenner that discusses the history and significance of the French Legion-issued deadstock underwear.
  • Worn Fashion Journal’s post, “A Checkered Past,” provides ten fun facts about the history of plaid and its association with Scottish clans.
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Fashion and Beauty

Evolution of Swimwear: A Journey Through Time and Culture

by Kim
written by Kim

History of Swimwear: From Ancient Rome to Modern Day

Bathing Suits in Ancient Times

The earliest known depiction of women wearing bathing suits can be traced back to the 4th century in Sicily, where a mosaic in the Villa Roma de Casale portrays women exercising in bikini-like garments. However, for many centuries afterward, there is little evidence of people venturing into the water.

Bathing in the 17th and 18th Centuries

In the late 17th century, English traveler Celia Fiennes described the typical bathing costume for women: a loose, yellow canvas garment that concealed their bodies completely. These “bathing gowns” were used for public bathing, which was a common practice at the time.

Modesty and Bathing Dresses

In the 18th and 19th centuries, modesty prevailed in swimwear design. Women wore long dresses made of heavy fabrics that would not become transparent when wet. Some even sewed lead weights into the hems to prevent the dresses from floating up and revealing too much.

The Rise of the One-Piece Suit

In 1907, Australian swimmer Annette Kellerman caused a scandal when she was arrested for wearing a more form-fitting, one-piece suit in Boston. Her arrest paved the way for a new era of swimwear that emphasized comfort and function.

Jantzen and the “Red Diving Girl”

In 1915, Jantzen, a knittery in Portland, introduced the term “swimming suit” and coined its iconic “Red Diving Girl” logo. This image, which embodied the spirit of the Roaring Twenties, helped popularize swimwear and make Jantzen a household name.

The Bikini Revolution

In 1946, French engineer Louis Réard unveiled the bikini, named after the recent atomic tests at Bikini Atoll. Initially met with resistance, the bikini quickly gained popularity and became a symbol of liberation and female empowerment.

Swimwear in the Modern Era

From the 1960s onward, swimwear has evolved in countless ways. Blouson bathing suits, retro two-pieces, Burkinis, UV-protective swim shirts, and thongs are just a few examples of the diverse range of options available today.

Farrah Fawcett and the American Dream

In 1975, Farrah Fawcett’s iconic poster wearing a red one-piece bathing suit became a cultural sensation. Her image represented the height of the sexual revolution and captured the spirit of a generation.

American Attitudes Towards Swimwear

While the bikini may have originated in France, American attitudes towards swimwear have always been characterized by a sense of modesty. Even today, many Americans prefer swimwear that suggests sexuality rather than flaunting it openly.

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Cultural Impact

COVID-19’s Impact on the Cultural World: Closures, Cancellations, and the Road Ahead

by Kim
written by Kim

COVID-19’s Impact on the Cultural World

Museum Closures and Virtual Exhibitions

As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads, museums around the world have been forced to close their doors to protect public health. In response, many institutions have turned to digital technology to keep their collections accessible to the public.

The National Cultural Heritage Administration of China has launched over 100 online exhibitions, showcasing artifacts and artwork from closed museums. The Louvre in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City are among the many museums offering virtual tours and interactive experiences.

Event Cancellations and Postponements

Major events and festivals have also been canceled or postponed due to concerns about the virus. South by Southwest, Coachella, and Stagecoach are just a few of the high-profile events that have been affected.

In the performing arts sphere, Broadway theaters have been closed, and concerts by popular artists such as Billie Eilish and Mariah Carey have been postponed or canceled. Film premieres and conferences have also been impacted.

Financial Repercussions for Cultural Institutions

The closures and cancellations have had a significant financial impact on cultural institutions. Museums, theaters, and event venues rely heavily on ticket sales and donations for revenue. The loss of income is threatening the survival of many organizations.

Long-Term Effects on the Cultural World

The long-term effects of COVID-19 on the cultural world are still unknown. However, experts are concerned that the pandemic could have a lasting impact on attendance, funding, and the viability of cultural organizations.

Creative Ways to Engage with Audiences

Despite the challenges, cultural institutions are finding creative ways to engage with audiences during the pandemic. Museums are offering virtual workshops and educational programs. Theaters are streaming performances online. Artists are using social media to share their work and connect with fans.

The Importance of Public Health and Safety

While the closures and cancellations are disappointing, they are necessary to protect public health and safety. The cultural world will eventually recover from the pandemic, but it is essential to prioritize the health and well-being of the community during this difficult time.

Specific Examples of Closures and Cancellations

  • The Louvre, the Musée d’Orsay, and the Centre Pompidou in Paris have closed until further notice.
  • The Uffizi Galleries in Florence, the Vatican Museums in Rome, and the Colosseum have all been closed due to the pandemic.
  • Broadway performances, including the planned opening of Six, have been suspended until April 12 at the earliest.
  • The Coachella and Stagecoach music festivals have been postponed until October.
  • The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Whitney Museum in New York City have all closed their doors.
  • The Smithsonian Institution’s 19 museums and National Zoo in Washington, D.C. have also been closed.
  • Film premieres such as Mulan and No Time to Die have been postponed indefinitely.
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