Belly Dancing in Istanbul: A Journey Through Culture and Identity
History of Zenne Dance
Zenne dance, a centuries-old tradition in Turkey, emerged in the Ottoman Empire when women were prohibited from performing onstage. Young men, primarily from non-Muslim communities, were trained as dancers and adopted androgynous or feminine attire and makeup. They played female roles and performed at the Sultan’s court, often moonlight as paid courtesans.
In traditional Ottoman society, the concepts of “gay” and “straight” were fluid, and sexuality was defined more by status and sexual role. Zenne dancers were expected to embody a “feminine” sexual and social role, regardless of their personal orientation.
Zenne Dance in Modern Turkey
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, zenne dance fell out of favor as Turkey embraced Westernization. It largely survived in rural areas, performed for straight-identified male audiences and without the sexual element of its Ottoman counterpart.
However, in the past half-decade, zenne dance has experienced a resurgence in Istanbul. This revival has been fueled by media attention, the success of gay crossover clubs like Chanta, and a shift in cultural attitudes towards homosexuality.
Zenne Dancers: Navigating Cultural Norms
Zenne dancers like Segah have benefited from the increased popularity of the art form. Segah performs nightly at Chanta, catering to a largely heterosexual, female clientele. However, he has faced some resistance from his family, who initially disapproved of his career choice due to its association with cross-dressing.
Despite these challenges, Segah takes pride in pushing audience members out of their comfort zones. He performs the same movements as female belly dancers, creating a “gender confusion” that shocks and delights his audience.
The Challenges Faced by Zenne Dancers
Despite progress in LGBTQ+ rights in Turkey, homophobia remains a significant issue. Zenne dancers face discrimination and harassment, and the Turkish military considers out gay men exempt from mandatory service on the grounds of mental illness.
The rising tide of Islamism in the Turkish government has also slowed progress for LGBT rights. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has publicly condemned homosexuality, and the military continues to subject gay men to degrading examinations to “prove” their orientation.
Conclusion
Zenne dance is a vibrant and evolving art form that reflects the changing cultural landscape of Turkey. It challenges traditional gender norms and provides a platform for LGBTQ+ expression. Despite the challenges they face, zenne dancers like Segah continue to push boundaries and celebrate their unique identity.