Prehistoric Flying Reptiles Soar Back to Life: New Discoveries in Morocco
New Species Unearthed
In the vast and arid landscapes of southeastern Morocco, paleontologists have uncovered a treasure trove of prehistoric flying reptiles, shedding new light on the diverse ecosystem that existed millions of years ago. Four new species of pterosaurs, dating back to the mid-Cretaceous period around 100 million years ago, have been identified from fossil remains found in the Kem Kem fossil beds.
Three of the new species belong to the Ornithocheiridae family, characterized by their toothed jaws. These include Anhanguera, Ornithocheirus, and Coloborhynchus, known from similar specimens found in Brazil and England. The fourth species, Afrotapejara zouhrii, stands out with its lack of teeth and a distinctive crest on the front of its skull. It is the first of its kind to be discovered in Africa.
Winged Hunters of the Ancient Skies
These prehistoric flying reptiles were formidable predators, patrolling the African skies with wingspans reaching up to 13 feet. Their sharp teeth suggest a diet of fish, which they snatched from the waters below. They coexisted with an array of other creatures, including crocodiles, turtles, and predatory dinosaurs, forming part of a vibrant ancient river ecosystem.
Evolutionary Ties Across Continents
The discovery of closely related pterosaurs on different continents, such as toothed pterosaurs in Morocco, Brazil, and England, and toothless Afrotapejara zouhrii in Africa, China, and Europe, provides evidence of their widespread distribution. This suggests that these winged reptiles were capable of long-distance flights, possibly across the newly forming Atlantic Ocean.
The Role of Fossil Miners
The new pterosaur specimens were acquired from fossil miners who inhabit the village of Beggaa near the Kem Kem beds. These miners risk their lives to excavate fossils from the coarse red sands, providing a valuable source of scientific specimens. However, the practice of purchasing fossils can pose challenges for researchers, as it can be difficult to determine the exact origins of the fossils.
Scientific Significance
The discovery of these new pterosaur species is a significant contribution to the study of prehistoric life. Pterosaur remains are often fragmentary, making it challenging to understand their evolution and extinction. Each new species brings additional data to light, helping researchers piece together the puzzle of these ancient flying reptiles.
Paleontologists Share Their Excitement
“We are in a golden age for discovering pterodactyls,” says David Martill, a paleontologist at the University of Portsmouth. “This year alone we have discovered three new species, and we are only into March.”
The addition of these four new species brings the total number of pterosaurs discovered at the Kem Kem Beds to ten, offering a glimpse into the diversity of these prehistoric creatures that once soared through the skies of Africa.