How to Cultivate Turnips: A Comprehensive Guide
Planting
Turnips, members of the Brassica family, are cool-season vegetables prized for their edible greens and nutritious roots. Planting turnips is a straightforward process that can yield bountiful harvests with proper care.
- Timing: Sow seeds directly into the garden in late winter/early spring or late summer/early fall.
- Location: Select a site with loose, well-draining soil that has not hosted other Brassica crops (e.g., cabbage, broccoli) in the past three years to minimize disease risk.
- Spacing: Sow seeds one to two inches apart in rows 18 to 30 inches apart. Thin seedlings to a spacing of three to six inches to allow for root development.
Care
Proper care is essential for healthy turnip growth.
- Light: Turnips require full sun (at least six hours) to thrive.
- Soil: The ideal soil for turnips is loamy, with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Amend soil with organic matter to improve drainage and nutrient availability.
- Water: Water turnips deeply, providing about one inch of water per week. Avoid overwatering, as soggy soil can lead to root rot.
- Fertilizer: Turnips typically do not require additional fertilizer beyond the initial application of organic matter at planting.
- Companions: Good companion plants for turnips include peas, beans, and carrots.
Types of Turnips
Various turnip varieties offer diverse colors, shapes, and flavors.
- ‘Just Right’: White, slightly flattened roots with flavorful greens.
- ‘Purple Top White Globe’: Round, white-fleshed roots with purple shoulders.
- ‘Yellow Globe’: Large, mild-tasting roots with crisp cream-colored flesh.
- ‘White Lady’: Pure white, semi-round roots with bolt tolerance.
- ‘Red Round’: Tennis ball-sized roots with a bright-red exterior and white flesh.
Harvesting
- Maturity: Most turnip varieties are ready to harvest when the roots reach a diameter of two to three inches.
- Method: Use a spade to loosen the soil around the plant. Gently pull the turnip root from the ground.
- Storage: Remove the greens and wash the roots. Store turnips in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
Growing Turnips in Pots
Growing turnips in containers is possible with proper considerations.
- Container: Choose a container that is at least 16 inches wide and eight inches deep with drainage holes.
- Soil: Fill the container with potting soil amended with organic matter.
- Planting: Scatter seeds and cover with one inch of soil. Thin seedlings to about four inches apart.
- Care: Place the container in full sun, water regularly, and harvest turnips when the roots reach two inches in diameter.
Growing Turnips from Seed
Turnips should be direct seeded into the garden or containers.
- Germination: Seeds germinate quickly, emerging after about 10 days.
- Thinning: Once true leaves develop, thin seedlings to allow for root formation.
Common Pests and Plant Diseases
Turnips are susceptible to pests and diseases that affect other Brassica crops.
- Pests: Flea beetles, cabbage maggots
- Diseases: Black rot, clubroot
Additional Tips
- Seed Rotation: Practice crop rotation by avoiding planting turnips in the same location where other Brassica crops have been grown recently to reduce disease risk.
- Mulching: Cover the soil around turnips with mulch to suppress weeds, conserve moisture, and regulate soil temperature.
- Pest Management: Use organic pest control methods, such as neem oil or insecticidal soap, to manage pests.
- Disease Prevention: Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease. Ensure proper drainage and avoid overcrowding to minimize disease incidence.