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Ancient Art

Ancient Comics Uncover the Founding of a Roman City: A Tale Told in Stone

by Kim
written by Kim

Ancient Comics Discovered in Roman-Era Tomb in Jordan

Discovery of the Tomb

In 2016, during road construction near the Jordanian town of Bayt Ras, archaeologists stumbled upon an ancient Roman-era tomb. The tomb, believed to be part of a larger necropolis, dates back to the 1st century C.E. and is located on the site of the ancient city of Capitolias.

The Comic Strip Paintings

Inside the tomb, archaeologists discovered a series of vibrant and well-preserved paintings depicting a narrative story in comic strip form. The paintings feature nearly 260 figures engaged in various activities, with many of them speaking via comic-style speech bubbles.

Unique Inscriptions

The speech captions in the paintings are particularly notable because they are written in a combination of the local Aramaic language and Greek letters. This rare combination provides valuable insights into the linguistic and cultural landscape of the ancient Near East.

The Founding of Capitolias

The comic strip paintings appear to document the founding of Capitolias. The first scene depicts the gods of Olympus deciding on the location of the city. Subsequent panels show people clearing land, building the city walls, and celebrating their work with a sacrifice to Jupiter Capitolinus, the patron deity of Capitolias.

Identification of the Founder

Researchers believe that the figure buried in the tomb may be the founder of Capitolias, who is depicted officiating in the sacrifice scene. His name may be engraved on the lintel of the door, which has yet to be cleared.

Cultural Significance

The discovery of these ancient comics sheds light on the culture and daily life of the people of Capitolias and the Decapolis, a league of 10 (later 14) Hellenized cities on the eastern edge of the Roman Empire. The paintings provide a glimpse into the artistic and storytelling traditions of the ancient world.

Comparison to Other Ancient Comics

While these Roman-era comics are certainly old, they are not the first examples of comics in history. Ancient Egyptian images and Neolithic cave paintings also feature similar speech captions and narrative scenes.

Ongoing Research

Researchers continue to study the tomb and its paintings to learn more about the history and significance of Capitolias and the Decapolis. The discovery of these ancient comics has opened up new avenues of research into the cultural and artistic practices of the ancient world.

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Archaeology

Ancient Pottery Shard Uncovers the Missing Link in the Alphabet’s Evolution

by Peter
written by Peter

Ancient Pottery Shard Reveals Missing Link in Alphabet’s Development

Discovery Overturns Previous Hypothesis

Archaeologists have unearthed a 3,500-year-old pottery shard in Israel, offering new insights into the evolution of the alphabet. The inscription on the shard, the oldest writing ever recorded in the country, suggests that a standardized script arrived in Canaan earlier than previously thought.

The Canaanite Script: A Missing Link

The script on the pottery shard represents a “missing link” connecting alphabetic inscriptions found in Egypt and Sinai with later writing from Canaan. The letters bear a striking resemblance to Egyptian hieroglyphs, indicating that the Canaanite alphabet evolved from these ancient symbols.

Challenging the Egyptian Influence Theory

The discovery challenges the long-held hypothesis that the alphabet was introduced to Canaan during the Egyptian empire’s rule. The inscription predates the Egyptian domination, suggesting that the alphabet was already in use in Canaan by the 15th century B.C.

Tel Lachish: A Thriving Canaanite City

The pottery shard was found at Tel Lachish, a site that was home to a large Canaanite city. The Canaanites established a fortified power center there around 2000 B.C., and the city flourished for centuries.

Inscription Details and Interpretation

The inscription on the pottery shard consists of six letters arranged on two lines. Epigraphists believe that the first three letters may spell out the word “ebed,” meaning “slave” or “servant.” The second line could read “nophet,” meaning “nectar” or “honey.”

Name Conventions and Religious Significance

It is likely that the inscription formed part of a person’s name. At the time, it was common to combine “servant” with the name of a local god to symbolize devotion.

Evolution of the Canaanite Alphabet

Over time, Canaanite writing split into two branches: the alphabet used by the ancient Israelites to write the Hebrew Bible and a version used by the Phoenicians.

Spread of the Alphabet

After the collapse of the major Mediterranean empires around 1200 B.C., the alphabet spread from Canaan to neighboring regions. Variations of the alphabet were used in Turkey, Spain, and eventually gave rise to the Latin alphabet used in written English today.

Hieroglyphic Origins of Alphabets

“All alphabets have evolved from hieroglyphs,” explains Felix Höflmayer, lead author of the study. “Now we know that the alphabet was not brought to the Levant by the Egyptian rule. It was much earlier and under different social circumstances.”

Ongoing Research and Uncertainties

While the discovery provides valuable insights, it also raises new questions. Researchers are still working to determine the exact meaning of the inscription and whether it was meant to be read from left to right or right to left. Dating techniques have also yielded some uncertainties, as the barley grains found alongside the shard may not have been harvested at the same time the vessel was created.

Significance of the Discovery

The pottery shard from Tel Lachish is a significant archaeological discovery that sheds light on the origins and development of the alphabet, a fundamental tool that has shaped human communication and knowledge for centuries.

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Uncategorized

Uncovering George Washington’s Legacy: Archaeological Discoveries at His Historic Sites

by Peter
written by Peter

George Washington: Uncovering His Legacy Through Archaeology

Mount Vernon: Washington’s Grand Estate

Mount Vernon, George Washington’s iconic estate on the Potomac River, has been a treasure trove for archaeologists. Excavations have revealed the evolution of the plantation, from its humble beginnings to its grand mansion. Recent projects have focused on restoring outbuildings such as the distillery, blacksmiths’ shop, and gardener’s house. Notably, the addition of a log cabin represents the living quarters of the enslaved people who worked the estate.

Valley Forge: A Challenging Encampment

During the harsh winter of 1777-78, George Washington and his Continental Army endured a difficult encampment at Valley Forge. Archaeological excavations have uncovered details that provide a nuanced understanding of this period. Despite their struggles, soldiers remained active, repairing equipment, practicing musket fire, and even engaging in games of dice.

The President’s House: A Complex Legacy

Before the White House, George Washington resided in a mansion near Independence Hall in Philadelphia. While there, he controversially housed enslaved people in quarters attached to the residence. Excavations have revealed the foundations of the kitchen and an underground passageway connecting it to the main house. This discovery sheds light on the complex and often hidden history of slavery within the nation’s early leadership.

Archaeological Insights into Washington’s Life

Archaeological investigations at George Washington’s historic sites have provided invaluable insights into his life and times. Excavations at Mount Vernon have uncovered artifacts that illustrate the daily routines and agricultural practices of the plantation. At Valley Forge, discoveries have illuminated the challenges and resilience of the Continental Army. The President’s House excavations have exposed the uncomfortable truth about slavery and its presence within Washington’s household.

Unveiling the Past

Archaeological research continues to shed light on George Washington’s legacy. Through meticulous excavations and careful analysis, archaeologists have reconstructed the physical environments in which he lived and worked. Their discoveries have not only enriched our understanding of American history but have also challenged traditional narratives and revealed the complexities of the nation’s founding.

Additional Insights:

  • Artifacts Uncover Daily Life: Excavated artifacts from Mount Vernon provide glimpses into the everyday lives of Washington and his family.
  • Soldier’s Ingenuity at Valley Forge: Archaeological evidence suggests that soldiers at Valley Forge adapted to their harsh conditions by crafting tools and modifying equipment.
  • Slavery’s Hidden Legacy: Excavations at the President’s House have uncovered evidence of enslaved people’s resistance and resilience.
  • Archaeology’s Role in Historical Interpretation: Archaeological discoveries have revised our understanding of George Washington’s life and the broader context of American history.
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Uncategorized

Queen Thyra: Uncovering the Influence of a Viking-Age Queen

by Peter
written by Peter

Queen Thyra: A Powerful Figure in Viking-Age Denmark

New Research Sheds Light on Thyra’s Influence

Queen Thyra, known as the wife and mother of prominent Viking leaders, has long been overshadowed in history. However, recent research has uncovered new evidence suggesting that she wielded far more power and influence in 10th-century Denmark than previously thought.

Runestones Reveal Thyra’s Importance

An analysis of four runestones engraved with Thyra’s name has shed new light on her significance. One runestone in particular refers to her as Denmark’s “strength” or “salvation.” Researchers believe that these runestones, which were found in Jelling, Bække, and Læborg, indicate that Thyra played a key role in the assembling of the Danish realm.

The Work of Ravnunge-Tue

Using 3D-scanning techniques, researchers have determined that all four runestones were carved by the same person: the craftsman Ravnunge-Tue. His distinctive cutting style, characterized by a deep stroke followed by two shallower ones, can be seen on all of the stones. This discovery confirms that they all refer to the same individual, Queen Thyra.

Thyra’s Royal Lineage and Family

Thyra was a member of a prominent Viking royal family during a pivotal time in Danish history. She was married to King Gorm, one of the first kings to reign over a united Denmark. Her son, King Harald Bluetooth, was a great warrior, unifier, and Denmark’s first Christian king.

The Role of Runestones in Viking-Age Denmark

During the Viking era, runestones were used to memorialize powerful leaders who had passed away. Crafters would carve commemorative words, paint the stones bright colors, and display them in public spaces. Denmark is home to only around 250 known runestones from this period, and fewer than ten of these pre-Christian era stones memorialize women.

Thyra’s Unique Significance

Of the four runestones that mention Thyra, three were found in Jelling, the royal seat of Viking-Age Denmark. This suggests that Thyra held a position of great importance within the royal court. Furthermore, her name appears on more known Danish runestones than any other individual, including her husband and son.

Reevaluating the Power Structure of Viking-Age Denmark

This new evidence challenges the traditional view of Viking-Age Denmark as a completely male-dominated society. While men generally held positions of power, women from elite families, such as Thyra, may have wielded more influence than historians previously thought.

Thyra’s Legacy

Queen Thyra’s importance in Danish history cannot be overstated. Her runestones provide valuable insights into the power structure and the genesis of Denmark as a nation. By recognizing the contributions of women like Thyra, we gain a more nuanced understanding of this fascinating period in history.

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Food Science

Unearthing London’s Culinary Past: Condiment Trove Found at Former Music Hall

by Rosa
written by Rosa

London Music Hall Uncovers Long-Forgotten Storeroom Filled with Condiments

During the excavation of the London Astoria, construction workers stumbled upon a hidden treasure—a long-forgotten storeroom packed with condiments dating back to the 18th century. This discovery sheds new light on the history of the food industry and London’s early manufacturing.

Crosse & Blackwell: Revolutionizing Food Production

The building that housed the London Astoria was originally a warehouse for Crosse & Blackwell, one of the United Kingdom’s first food production companies. In the 18th century, Crosse & Blackwell played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the food industry by industrializing the production of jam and other condiments, making them more accessible and affordable for city dwellers.

Marketing Innovation and Celebrity Endorsements

Crosse & Blackwell was not only a pioneer in food production but also in marketing innovation. They were among the first companies to secure endorsements from celebrity chefs, including Napoleon’s personal cook, to promote their products. This strategy helped establish Crosse & Blackwell as a trusted brand and paved the way for the modern food industry’s reliance on celebrity endorsements.

Archaeological Findings Shed Light on London’s Early Manufacturing

The discovery of the storeroom during the excavation of a future subway station has provided archaeologists with a wealth of artifacts that offer valuable insights into London’s early manufacturing industry. Among the findings were jars filled with pickles and mushroom ketchup, an early version of today’s tomato-based sauce.

Refrigeration System and Packaging Innovations

The storeroom also revealed an innovative refrigeration system, kilns, and furnaces, providing evidence of Crosse & Blackwell’s commitment to food preservation and quality control. Additionally, the discovery of thousands of unused ceramic and stoneware jars suggests that the company gradually transitioned to glass jars and bottles for packaging their products.

The Significance of the London Astoria

The London Astoria, before its demolition eight years ago, was a renowned music hall, LGBTQ+ stronghold, concert hall, ballroom, and movie theater. Its diverse history reflects the vibrant cultural landscape of London throughout the centuries. The discovery of the condiment storeroom adds another layer to the building’s rich legacy, connecting it to the city’s industrial and culinary heritage.

Preserving Crosse & Blackwell’s Legacy

The findings from the London Astoria excavation serve as a reminder of Crosse & Blackwell’s significant contributions to the modern food industry. Their innovations in production, marketing, and packaging helped shape the way we consume food today. The discovery of the condiment storeroom ensures that Crosse & Blackwell’s legacy will not be forgotten.

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Anthropology

Humans Were Roasting Root Vegetables 170,000 Years Ago, Challenging the Paleo Diet

by Rosa
written by Rosa

Humans Were Roasting Root Vegetables 170,000 Years Ago, Study Suggests

The Starch-Starved “Paleo Diet” Challenged

New research suggests that humans have been roasting and consuming root vegetables for at least 170,000 years, challenging modern interpretations of the “paleo diet.”

Discovery Uncovers Ancient Cooking Practices

In a study published in the journal Science, researchers uncovered charred remains of carbohydrate-rich plant matter in a South African cave. These charred remains, identified as rhizomes or underground stems, provide the earliest evidence of humans deliberately cooking and consuming starchy plants.

A Balanced Prehistoric Diet

Despite modern assumptions about the paleo diet, which emphasizes a low-carbohydrate intake, the study suggests that our prehistoric ancestors likely consumed a balanced diet that included both carbohydrates and proteins.

The Nutritional Value of Rhizomes

Rhizomes, which can be found in plants such as potatoes and yams, are rich in proteins and starches. When prepared and eaten, they provide a significant nutritional punch.

Starch Digestion and Human Evolution

The consumption of starchy plants by humans likely coincided with an increase in the expression of genes that facilitate starch digestion, indicating a dietary shift towards a more carbohydrate-rich diet over 300,000 years ago.

The Benefits of Cooking

Heat-treating food, including root vegetables, has numerous benefits. It softens food, making it easier to chew and digest, and enhances nutrient extraction.

The Importance of Fire

The use of fire for roasting vegetables not only improved their nutritional value but also made them easier to find for modern archaeologists, unlike animal bones that decompose more readily.

Implications for the Paleo Diet

The discovery of cooked starchy plants from 170,000 years ago suggests that the paleo diet, as it is often interpreted today, may be a misnomer. Our prehistoric ancestors likely ate more starchy plants than previously assumed.

The Evolutionary Significance of Cooking

The transition to cooking, particularly of root vegetables, was a significant milestone in human evolution. It allowed for the consumption of a wider range of plant foods, provided essential nutrients, and facilitated the development of more complex social and cultural behaviors.

Future Research Directions

The discovery of cooked starchy plants from 170,000 years ago opens up new avenues for research into human dietary practices and the evolution of cooking. Further excavations and analyses of archaeological sites may shed light on the specific plants consumed by our ancestors and the role of cooking in shaping human history.

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Archaeology

Unraveling the Genetic Tapestry of Central Europe: Insights from Ancient Skeletons

by Peter
written by Peter

Ancient Skeletons Unravel the Genetic Tapestry of Central Europe

DNA from Ancient Bones Sheds Light on European Ancestry

Scientists have unlocked a genetic treasure trove from the bones of ancient skeletons, revealing the complex history of human migrations in Central Europe. By analyzing mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down from mother to child, researchers have pieced together a genetic timeline spanning 7,500 to 3,500 years ago.

Multiple Migrations Shaped Europe’s Genetic Diversity

Contrary to previous beliefs, the genetic diversity of modern Europeans cannot be attributed to a single migration event. Instead, multiple waves of migration from various regions shaped the genetic makeup of Central Europe.

Neolithic Farmers and Hunter-Gatherers

The first major genetic shift occurred around 5,500 BCE with the arrival of Neolithic farmers from the Near East. This influx of farmers brought new agricultural practices and replaced the hunter-gatherer lifestyle that had dominated the region.

Subsequent Migrations from East and West

However, the genetic timeline also reveals subsequent migrations from both the east (modern-day Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, etc.) and the west (Iberian Peninsula). These migrations introduced additional genetic elements that contribute to the diversity seen in modern Europeans.

Archaeological Evidence Supports Genetic Findings

By comparing the timing of genetic changes with archaeological discoveries, researchers have linked the genetic influx to the appearance of new cultural artifacts. This suggests that migrations brought not only new people but also new technologies and cultural practices.

Genetic Timeline Reveals Patterns of Change

The genetic timeline created by the researchers provides a detailed account of genetic changes over time. It shows a period of stability in genetic patterns after the arrival of farmers, followed by a resurgence of hunter-gatherer lineages and then new impulses from both east and west.

Hypothesis: Cultural Artifacts Indicate Migrations

The authors propose that the presence of new cultural artifacts in a specific region indicates the arrival of travelers from afar. While the use of new tools and technologies does not automatically imply genetic influxes, it is possible that, in ancient times, migrations often coincided with the introduction of new techniques.

Uncovering the Origins of European Ancestry

The study of ancient DNA from skeletons in Central Europe has provided invaluable insights into the genetic history of Europeans. It reveals a complex tapestry of migrations and genetic influences that have shaped the diversity we see today. By continuing to analyze ancient DNA, researchers hope to further unravel the intricate web of human ancestry.

Additional Insights:

  • The study examined a large number of mitochondrial DNA samples, making it the largest examination of ancient DNA to date.
  • The researchers focused on a specific region in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, due to the abundance of ancient skeletal samples available.
  • The genetic timeline created by the researchers provides a comprehensive record of genetic changes over time in a specific place, rather than a fragmented record from different regions.
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Zoology

Canine Evolution and Human Migration: A Journey of Interdependence

by Peter
written by Peter

How Dogs and Humans Evolved and Migrated Together

Canine Evolution and Human Influence

Our close relationship with dogs dates back thousands of years, and recent DNA analysis has shed light on the significant role humans have played in shaping canine evolution. By domesticating wolves around 15,000 years ago, humans inadvertently influenced the genetic makeup of dogs, leading to the development of distinct lineages.

Migration and the Spread of Dogs

As ancient humans migrated across the globe, their canine companions often followed. In some cases, humans brought their dogs with them, introducing new lineages to different regions. In other cases, they adopted local dogs that were better adapted to the environment.

Genetic Evidence

By comparing the DNA of ancient dogs and humans from similar time periods and locations, researchers have been able to trace the evolutionary lineages of both species. This analysis has revealed that, by the end of the last ice age around 11,000 years ago, at least five distinct lineages of dogs existed in different parts of the world, including New Guinea, the Americas, northern Europe, the Near East, and Siberia.

Shared Ancestry

In some cases, humans and dogs shared ancestral origins. For example, dogs and humans that lived around 5,000 years ago in Sweden both originated in the Near East. This suggests that as agriculture expanded westward, some canine companions accompanied their human counterparts.

Local Adaptation

In other cases, human migrants adopted local dogs that were more acclimated to the region. For instance, farmers in Germany living 7,000 years ago originated in the Near East, but their dogs came from European and Siberian lineages. This indicates that humans sometimes acquired dogs that were better suited to their new environment.

The Impact of Geography

The geographic location of different human populations had a significant impact on the genetic makeup of their dogs. Dogs in northern Europe, for example, evolved to have thicker coats and larger body sizes to withstand the cold climate. In contrast, dogs in warmer climates developed smaller body sizes and shorter coats.

Modern Breeds and Ancient Lineages

The genetic diversity of ancient dogs has been preserved in modern breeds. Siberian huskies, for instance, carry DNA from the ancient lineage originating in Siberia. Similarly, chihuahuas have genetic roots in Mexico. By studying the DNA of modern breeds, researchers can trace the genetic history of dogs back thousands of years.

Complex Factors

The evolution and migration of dogs was not always a straightforward process. Sometimes, humans moved without bringing their dogs, while in other cases, dogs were traded between human groups. These complex factors contributed to the genetic diversity and distribution of dogs around the world.

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Archaeology

Ancient Eye Cream: A 2,200-Year-Old Discovery Shedding Light on Ancient Health and Beauty Practices

by Rosa
written by Rosa

Ancient Eye Cream: A 2,200-Year-Old Discovery

Eye Cream Unearthed in Ancient Tomb

In a remarkable discovery, archaeologists excavating an ancient cemetery in Aizanoi, Turkey, have unearthed a jar of eye cream believed to be over 2,200 years old. The find sheds light on the funerary practices and health beliefs of the area’s former inhabitants.

Aizanoi: A City of Roman Ruins

Aizanoi is an ancient city renowned for its well-preserved Roman ruins. Archaeological surveys have revealed a wealth of information about the city’s history and culture. The discovery of the eye cream adds to our understanding of the daily lives and health practices of its residents.

The Soldier’s Tomb

The eye cream was found in the tomb of a male soldier. Archaeologists believe the remains in the cemetery were cremated before burial, with tombs stocked with goods for the afterlife. Among the soldier’s possessions was a jar identified as a container for eye cream.

Ancient Eye Care: Beyond Aesthetics

The term “eye cream” may not fully capture the purpose of this ancient substance. Archaeologists speculate that it was used to treat eye dryness, a condition often caused by vitamin A deficiency. In ancient times, such deficiencies were common due to limited access to animal products and leafy greens.

Lycium: A Nutrient-Rich Remedy

The eye cream is believed to have contained a plant from the Lycium genus, which includes goji berries. Goji berries are known to be rich in vitamin A, suggesting that the ancient denizens of Aizanoi may have been aware of its healing properties.

Goji Berries in Ancient Medicine

The use of Lycium plants in promoting eye health has roots in ancient Chinese medicine. Modern studies have подтвердил that these nutrient-rich plants can protect vision in animals.

Topical Eye Creams: A Soothing Relief

While most goji-centric treatments involve consuming the fruits, the eye cream discovered in Aizanoi suggests that a topical application may have also been effective in alleviating eye dryness. The cream likely provided relief from irritation caused by inflammation of the skin around the eye, similar to pinkeye.

The Kutahya Archaeology Museum

The eye cream jar is now on display at the Kutahya Archaeology Museum. Despite the loss of its contents over time, the jar serves as a testament to the ancient Egyptians’ understanding of eye care and the enduring power of this soothing remedy.

Ancient Eye Cream: A Journey Through History

From Cleopatra to Egyptian Queens

The use of eye makeup and creams has a long history, dating back to ancient Egypt. Egyptian queens like Cleopatra are believed to have used kohl, a black eye makeup made from galena, to enhance their beauty and protect their eyes from the sun.

Goji Berries in Traditional Chinese Medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine, goji berries have been used for centuries to improve eyesight, boost immunity, and promote overall well-being. Modern research has подтвердил many of these traditional uses.

Eye Creams in the Mediterranean and Beyond

Jars similar to the one found in Aizanoi have been discovered in other ancient ruins of the era in the Mediterranean and India. This suggests that eye creams were widely used in ancient times, both for cosmetic and medicinal purposes.

Inflammation and Eye Health

Inflammation of the skin around the eye can cause discomfort and irritation. Ancient eye creams may have provided relief from such conditions, acting as a soothing and protective barrier.

The Enduring Legacy of Ancient Eye Care

The discovery of the eye cream in Aizanoi provides a glimpse into the ancient world’s understanding of health and beauty. It is a testament to the enduring power of natural remedies and the importance of eye care throughout history.

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Archaeology and Anthropology

Amsterdam’s Buried Treasures: Uncovering the City’s Past Through Excavated Artifacts

by Rosa
written by Rosa

Amsterdam’s Buried Treasures: A Window into the Past

Excavating History: Below the Surface

Amsterdam’s rich history has been unearthed through an ambitious project called Below the Surface. This multimedia initiative showcases over 700,000 artifacts excavated during the construction of the North/South metro line.

A Timeline of Amsterdam’s Past

An interactive timeline presents a curated collection of 20,000 archaeological finds, offering a glimpse into Amsterdam’s evolution from prehistoric times to the present day. Visitors can explore a vast array of objects, from ancient coins and shells to modern cell phones and dentures.

The City’s Changing Landscape

The artifacts unearthed by Below the Surface provide insights into the intertwining histories of Amsterdam’s urban development and its surrounding landscape. The Amstel River, a vital waterway, has played a pivotal role in shaping the city’s identity and economy.

Prehistoric Origins

Human habitation in the area now known as Amsterdam dates back to the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (c. 2700-1800 B.C.). Excavations have revealed evidence of prehistoric settlements and agricultural activities along the banks of the Amstel River.

Roman Influence and Medieval Settlement

During the Roman era, Amsterdam was an important trading hub. Artifacts from this period include pottery fragments and coins. Permanent agricultural settlements emerged in the 11th and 12th centuries, laying the foundation for the city’s future prosperity.

Shipping and Commerce

Given the riverbed location of the excavations, many artifacts are associated with shipping activities. These include anchors, ship fittings, and items likely lost overboard or during shipwrecks. Amsterdam’s strategic location on trade routes has played a significant role in its economic growth.

Virtual Exploration and Display

Below the Surface allows visitors to not only examine individual artifacts but also curate their own virtual display cases. This feature enables users to explore the collection in a personalized way, highlighting specific themes or time periods.

Rokin Metro Station Display

For those seeking a more tangible experience, the Rokin metro station showcases a curated display of 10,000 artifacts excavated during the project. Visitors can marvel at the diversity of objects on display, gaining a deeper understanding of Amsterdam’s rich history.

Unlocking Amsterdam’s Secrets

The Below the Surface project has shed new light on Amsterdam’s past, providing valuable insights into the city’s urban development, cultural influences, and economic foundations. Through interactive timelines, virtual displays, and curated exhibitions, this multimedia initiative invites visitors to explore the hidden treasures that lie beneath Amsterdam’s streets.

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