Touring Antarctica by Helicopter
Aerial Exploration of the Dry Valleys
Antarctica’s Dry Valleys are known for their extreme aridity, with some areas receiving no measurable precipitation for over 2 million years. To access these remote and challenging landscapes, scientists rely on helicopters.
Helicopters provide a unique vantage point for exploring the Dry Valleys. They can navigate steep slopes and land in otherwise inaccessible areas, allowing researchers to study the unique geology, hydrology, and biology of these valleys.
Helicopter-Supported Research
Helicopters play a crucial role in scientific research in the Dry Valleys. They transport scientists and their equipment to remote field sites, enabling them to collect samples, conduct experiments, and monitor environmental conditions.
One area of research focuses on the Dry Valleys’ unique water system. Despite their extreme dryness, the valleys contain massive valley floor glaciers and alpine glaciers that spill down the valley walls. Scientists use helicopters to study the movement and melting of these glaciers, and how they contribute to the formation of ephemeral lakes and streams.
Another area of research investigates the Dry Valleys’ soil biota. Helicopters allow scientists to access remote soil samples and study the diversity and adaptations of organisms that survive in these harsh conditions. Researchers have discovered nematodes, tiny creatures that can survive for decades in a dormant state and revive when moisture becomes available.
Historical Significance: Ernest Shackleton’s Hut
Beyond their scientific significance, the Dry Valleys also hold historical importance. Located on Cape Royd on Ross Island, Ernest Shackleton’s Hut is a reminder of the early days of Antarctic exploration. Built in 1907, the hut served as the base for Shackleton’s expedition to the South Pole.
Today, Shackleton’s Hut is protected by the Antarctic Heritage Trust. Visitors can take a helicopter tour to Cape Royd and explore the hut, which still contains original artifacts and supplies from Shackleton’s expedition.
Environmental Concerns: Climate Change and Wildlife
Antarctica is experiencing the effects of climate change, and the Dry Valleys are no exception. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are impacting the region’s glaciers, lakes, and soil biota.
Helicopters allow scientists to monitor these changes and study their effects on the local ecosystem. For example, researchers have observed a decline in the number of Adelie penguins in the Dry Valleys, likely due to changes in their food sources.
Wind Energy in Antarctica
In addition to scientific research, helicopters are also used to support logistical operations in Antarctica. One important project is the installation of wind turbines at Scott Base and McMurdo Station. These turbines provide renewable energy, reducing the reliance on carbon-based fuels.
Helicopters transport workers and equipment to the wind turbine sites, allowing for their construction and maintenance. The use of wind energy in Antarctica demonstrates the commitment to sustainable practices and reducing the environmental impact of human activities.
A Unique and Inspiring Experience
Helicopter tours of the Dry Valleys offer a rare opportunity to explore one of the most extreme and fascinating environments on Earth. From the vast glaciers to the microscopic nematodes, the Dry Valleys showcase the incredible diversity and resilience of life.
Visitors can marvel at the beauty of the landscape, learn about the ongoing scientific research, and gain a deeper appreciation for the importance of protecting this unique and fragile ecosystem.
