Discovery of Nine Neanderthal Remains in Italian Cave Sheds Light on Human Evolution
Archaeological Significance
Archaeologists have made a groundbreaking discovery in the Guattari Cave near Rome, Italy. They have unearthed the fossilized remains of nine Neanderthals, providing valuable insights into the lives and interactions of these ancient human relatives. The find adds to the growing body of evidence that Neanderthals were far more complex and sophisticated than previously believed.
Hyenas as Predators
Research suggests that Stone Age hyenas used the cave as a den and likely targeted the Neanderthals as prey. The remains of hyenas, as well as those of other animals such as rhinoceroses, giant deer, and wild horses, were also found at the site. This indicates that the Neanderthals lived in a vibrant ecosystem teeming with diverse species.
Analysis of the Remains
The newly discovered Neanderthal remains belong to one woman, seven men, and a young boy. Analysis of their dental tartar revealed that they primarily consumed cereals, which contributed to their brain growth. Further study of their DNA will provide additional information about their genetic makeup and kinship.
Neanderthal Lifestyle
In addition to the human remains, archaeologists also found evidence of Neanderthal habitation in the cave. This includes burned bones, carved stones, and bones with cut marks suggestive of hunting. These findings suggest that the Neanderthals used the cave as a dwelling and engaged in various activities, including food preparation and toolmaking.
Historical Context
The Guattari Cave has a long history of Neanderthal occupation. In 1939, a Neanderthal skull was discovered at the site, attracting international attention. The new research, which began in October 2019, has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the cave’s significance. It has shown that the Neanderthals lived in the cave for an extended period, and that they were subject to predation by hyenas.
Global Distribution of Neanderthals
Neanderthals were a widespread species, inhabiting Europe and southwestern to central Asia from around 400,000 years ago. They vanished about 40,000 years ago, but their genetic legacy persists in many modern humans today. The discovery of the Guattari Cave remains contributes to our understanding of Neanderthal distribution and the factors that may have influenced their extinction.
Potential Tourist Attraction
The discovery of the Neanderthal remains in San Felice Circeo has the potential to boost tourism in the area. Mayor Giuseppe Schiboni has applied for funding from the European Union to develop the site as a tourist attraction. The cave is located on the grounds of a hotel that is now up for sale, and Schiboni hopes to purchase the property and transform it into a center for Neanderthal studies.
Ongoing Research
The discovery of the Guattari Cave remains is an ongoing research project. Scientists are studying the fossils, analyzing DNA, and examining the archaeological evidence to gain a deeper understanding of Neanderthal behavior, ecology, and extinction. This research promises to shed further light on the complex evolutionary history of our human lineage.
