Cardinal Flower: A Guide to Growing and Care
About Cardinal Flower
Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) is a stunning native plant found in moist areas across North America. This herbaceous perennial features lance-shaped, dark green leaves and tall flower stalks adorned with clusters of vibrant scarlet red, tubular flowers. Its captivating blooms, which resemble the crimson robes worn by cardinals, have earned it its distinctive name.
Growing Conditions and Care
Cardinal flower thrives in moist, well-drained soil that receives full to partial sunlight. It can tolerate a wide range of soil pH levels, from slightly acidic to neutral. To ensure optimal growth, maintain consistently moist soil, as this plant is intolerant of drought. Fertilizing every two weeks during the bloom period can encourage bountiful flowering.
Propagation Methods
Cardinal flower can be propagated through several methods, including seed, division, and transplanting young volunteer plants. Division is the most common technique, involving carefully digging up the entire colony in fall, separating the root clumps with healthy roots and a portion of the crown, and replanting them in desired locations.
Encouraging Bloom
For abundant blooms, ensure that the soil remains evenly moist throughout the growing season. Additionally, fertilize the plant every two weeks during the bloom period to promote flower production.
Common Problems
Despite its hardiness, cardinal flower can encounter a few common issues:
- Yellowing Leaves: Nutrient-deficient soil can cause yellowing leaves. Apply a rich compost around the base of the plants to address this issue.
- Toppling Flower Stalks: In shady conditions, the flower stalks may become leggy. Use stakes or hoops to support them against the wind.
- Sparse Clumps: As a short-lived plant, cardinal flower may develop sparse clumps over time. Dig up the plant, divide the crown, and replant the pieces closer together to rejuvenate it.
Overwintering
In most regions, cardinal flower requires no special winter protection. However, in areas with borderline hardiness, apply a layer of mulch over the root crowns to mitigate freeze-thaw cycles and ensure survival.
Landscaping Uses
Cardinal flower is a versatile plant with several landscaping applications:
- Moist Areas: Its ability to thrive in wet environments makes it an excellent choice for stabilizing slopes and preventing erosion.
- Mixed Border Gardens: The vibrant blooms of cardinal flower add a striking contrast to other plants, although its bright red color may not blend well with other reds. It complements purple and blue flowers exceptionally well.
- Pollinator Gardens: Hummingbirds and butterflies are irresistibly drawn to the nectar of cardinal flower, making it a valuable addition to pollinator gardens.
Toxicity
It’s important to note that cardinal flower contains toxic alkaloids, including lobelamine and loeline, which can cause digestive upset, convulsions, and even death if ingested. Exercise caution when handling the plant and keep it out of reach of children and pets.
Additional Information
Bloom Time: Cardinal flower typically blooms from July into early fall, providing a splash of color in the late summer garden.
Hardiness Zones: This versatile plant is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 2-9, making it suitable for a wide range of climates.
Wildlife Value: Cardinal flower is a valuable food source for hummingbirds and butterflies, attracting these pollinators to the garden.
Medicinal Uses: Native Americans have traditionally used cardinal flower for medicinal purposes, although it should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
