Philodendrons: A Comprehensive Guide to Growing and Caring for These Popular Houseplants
General Care Requirements
Philodendrons are relatively low-maintenance houseplants that are well-suited for beginners. They thrive in bright, indirect light and require watering when the top inch of soil has dried out. Philodendrons prefer loose, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. They should be fertilized monthly during the growing season with a balanced liquid fertilizer.
Watering
Philodendrons should be watered when the top inch of soil has dried out. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can cause the leaves to wilt. It’s important to gauge the soil moisture rather than relying solely on the leaves to determine when to water. Non-climbing varieties can tolerate slightly drier conditions than vining species. Reduce watering during the winter dormancy period.
Soil
Philodendrons prefer loose, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A good potting mix for philodendrons is a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. The soil should have a pH of around 6.0. Philodendrons are sensitive to salts that accumulate in the soil, so it’s important to flush out the soil every few months by watering the plant thoroughly until water comes out of the drainage holes.
Light
Philodendrons thrive in bright, indirect light. They can tolerate low light conditions, but their growth will be slower and their leaves may become smaller. Avoid placing philodendrons in direct sunlight, as this can scorch the leaves.
Pruning
Philodendrons can be pruned to control their size and shape. Pruning is best done in the spring or summer. To prune a philodendron, simply cut back the stems to the desired length. You can also remove any yellowing or damaged leaves.
Propagation
Philodendrons are easy to propagate from stem cuttings or by division. To propagate from stem cuttings, take a 6-inch cutting from a healthy stem and place it in a container of water. The cutting will develop roots within a few weeks. Once the roots are several inches long, the cutting can be potted up in soil. To propagate by division, carefully remove the plant from its pot and divide the root ball into two or more sections. Each section should have at least three leaves. Repot the divisions in fresh potting mix.
Repotting
Philodendrons should be repotted every two or three years, or when they become rootbound. To repot a philodendron, carefully remove the plant from its pot and place it in a new pot that is one size larger. Fill the pot with fresh potting mix and water the plant thoroughly.
Pests and Diseases
Philodendrons are generally pest-free and disease-resistant. However, they can be susceptible to common houseplant pests such as aphids, mealybugs, scale, thrips, and spider mites. These pests can be treated with a variety of methods, including insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil. Philodendrons can also be susceptible to mosaic diseases, which are caused by viruses. Mosaic diseases cannot be cured, but they can be prevented by controlling aphids and avoiding contact with infected plants.
Troubleshooting
Yellowing leaves can be caused by a variety of factors, including overwatering, underwatering, nutrient deficiency, or too much direct sunlight.
Browning leaves can be caused by underwatering, too much direct sunlight, or cold temperatures.
Drooping leaves can be caused by overwatering, underwatering, or root rot.
If you are having problems with your philodendron, it is important to first identify the cause of the problem. Once you know the cause, you can take steps to correct it and get your plant back to health.
Popular Philodendron Varieties
There are hundreds of different varieties of philodendrons, each with its own unique characteristics. Some of the most popular varieties include:
- Philodendron bipinnatifidum: Also known as the tree philodendron, this variety has deeply lobed, lacy leaves.
- Philodendron erubescens: This variety has reddish stems and leaves. The ‘Pink Princess’ variety of this species has heart-shaped leaves with pink variegated sections.
- Philodendron gloriosum: This variety has large green leaves with striking white veins.
- Philodendron scandens: This variety has heart-shaped leaves that are sometimes multicolored.
- Philodendron selloum: This variety has extra-large, split leaves.
Philodendrons are a beautiful and versatile addition to any home. With proper care, they can thrive for many years and bring joy to your indoor space.
