How to Grow and Care for Coral Bells: A Comprehensive Guide
What Are Coral Bells?
Coral bells, also known as Heuchera, are a popular perennial foliage plant known for their vibrant and eye-catching leaves. These plants form round mounds with woody rootstocks and small bell-shaped flowers that bloom in spring or early summer. Coral bells are native to North America and attract hummingbirds and butterflies with their nectar-rich blooms.
Types of Coral Bells
There are numerous species and varieties of coral bells, each with its own unique foliage color and texture. Some of the most popular types include:
- Heuchera sanguinea: The classic coral bells species with medium-green leaves.
- Heuchera americana: Known for its ruffled and variegated leaves.
- Heuchera villosa: A heat-tolerant species with hairy, velvety leaves.
- ‘Dale’s Strain’ and ‘Purple Palace’: Early cultivars with reddish bronze and purple foliage.
Growing Coral Bells
Coral bells are relatively easy to grow, preferring partial shade with well-drained, organically rich soil. They are adaptable to a wide range of conditions but thrive in locations with consistent moisture and good air circulation.
Care for Coral Bells
- Light: Most varieties prefer partial shade, while some cultivars can tolerate full sun with extra watering.
- Soil: Coral bells require humus-rich soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH (6.0-7.0) and good drainage.
- Water: Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist, especially during hot, dry weather.
- Fertilizer: Feed plants in spring with a light application of slow-release fertilizer. Avoid overfeeding, as it can inhibit blooming.
Propagating Coral Bells
Coral bells can be propagated by dividing the root clumps in fall or spring. Dig up the entire root mass and separate it into smaller divisions, each with several growth shoots. Replant the divisions just below the soil surface.
Growing Coral Bells from Seed
While possible, growing coral bells from seed can be challenging, especially for hybrid varieties. To start seeds:
- Sprinkle seeds on the soil surface in late fall or early spring, ensuring they are not covered (they need light to germinate).
- Keep the soil moist and provide indirect light.
- Germination can take 2-8 weeks.
Overwintering Coral Bells
In colder climates, coral bells may require overwintering protection. Apply a layer of mulch to prevent frost heaving and protect the roots from extreme cold.
Common Pests and Diseases
Coral bells are generally pest-resistant, but they can be susceptible to fungal diseases like powdery mildew and rust. Treat affected plants with appropriate fungicides or remove infected foliage.
Getting Coral Bells to Bloom
Coral bells are typically valued for their foliage, but they can also produce delicate red or pink flowers. To encourage blooming:
- Plant in optimal growing conditions.
- Avoid overfeeding, as it promotes foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
- Some varieties may not bloom well in deep shade.
Common Problems with Coral Bells
- Scalded Leaves: Exposure to excessive sun, especially in hot climates, can cause leaf scorch.
- Plants Die Out Quickly: Coral bells are short-lived perennials and typically need to be divided every 3-4 years to prolong their lifespan.
- Plants Lift Out of the Ground: Shallow root systems can make coral bells susceptible to frost heaving in cold climates.
Uses for Coral Bells in the Landscape
Coral bells are versatile plants that can be used in a variety of landscaping applications:
- Edging and border plants
- Ground cover
- Woodland gardens
- Rock gardens
- Container plantings
Additional Tips for Optimizing Coral Bells Growth
- Choose heat-tolerant varieties like ‘Caramel’ and ‘Citronelle’ for hot climates.
- Select cold-hardy varieties like ‘Heuchera sanguinea’ for zones 3 and below.
- Mulch around plants to retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
- Deadhead faded blooms to encourage reblooming throughout the summer and fall.
