The Carnegie: A Voyage into the Earth’s Magnetic Field
The Groundbreaking Ship
The Carnegie, a nonmagnetic vessel built in 1909, embarked on seven groundbreaking voyages to map the Earth’s magnetic field. Constructed of sturdy oak and Oregon pine, the ship featured two observation domes for magnetic readings and a suite of instruments for collecting geophysical data.
James Percy Ault: A Dedicated Captain
James Percy Ault, a respected scientist, captained the Carnegie for 25 years. Driven by a lifelong passion for exploration, he sailed approximately 250,000 miles and documented his experiences in over 1,000 letters to his family.
Magnetic Mapping and Navigational Charts
The Carnegie’s primary mission was to chart the Earth’s magnetic field. This involved measuring magnetic declination, the angle between magnetic north and true north. Accurate declination data was crucial for correcting navigational charts, ensuring safe sea travel.
Oceanographic Exploration
In addition to its magnetic research, the Carnegie also conducted oceanographic studies. Instruments measured ocean depths, temperatures, air currents, and atmospheric electricity. This data provided valuable insights into the Earth’s oceans and atmosphere.
The Antarctic Expedition
In 1915, the Carnegie embarked on a harrowing journey around Antarctica. Passing 133 icebergs, the ship crept up to undetected bergs in the darkness. Ault may have witnessed the aurora australis reflecting off the frozen surfaces.
The Final Voyage
In 1929, the Carnegie set out on its final voyage, a 110,000-mile expedition to gather both oceanographic and magnetic data. After visiting ports around the world, the ship anchored in Apia, Samoa.
Tragic Demise
On November 29, 1929, an explosion rumbled from below deck, engulfing the Carnegie in flames. Captain Ault was thrown into the ocean, where he succumbed to his injuries. The explosion sank the ship, ending its pursuit of oceanographic and magnetic exploration.
Scientific Legacy
Despite its tragic end, the Carnegie left an enduring legacy. The ship’s research, which had been mostly copied and sent to Washington, provided invaluable data for the scientific community. The Carnegie’s contributions furthered the understanding of magnetism, oceanography, and the Earth’s systems.
James Percy Ault: A Scientist and Explorer
Ault was not only a skilled navigator but also a devoted scientist. He used his virtues for the quest of knowledge and truth. His legacy as a scientist and explorer continues to inspire generations of researchers.
The Carnegie’s Impact on Geophysics
The Carnegie and its crew played a pivotal role in gathering over 6,000 magnetic maritime recordings. This data significantly contributed to the international pursuit of geophysical understanding and provided a foundation for future discoveries in magnetism and oceanography.
The Carnegie: A Symbol of Scientific Endeavor
The Carnegie’s story is a testament to the relentless pursuit of scientific knowledge. Despite the challenges and risks involved, the ship and its crew dedicated themselves to exploring the Earth’s mysteries, leaving behind a lasting legacy of scientific achievement.