Photography in 19th Century Japan: Shaping Tourism and Exoticising the Country
The Introduction of Photography to Japan
In 1843, Dutch traders introduced photography to Japan, a country that was largely closed off to the outside world. At the time, photography was a relatively new invention, and the Japanese were fascinated by its ability to capture images of people and places.
Photography and the Meiji Restoration
The arrival of photography in Japan coincided with a period of great social and political change. In 1868, Emperor Meiji rose to power and began a series of reforms that transformed Japan into a modern industrial nation. Photography played a significant role in this transformation, as it became a symbol of modernity and progress.
Exoticising Japan: The Appeal to Foreign Tourists
However, many of the photographs taken during this period presented an “exoticised” version of Japan, filled with images of geisha, samurai, and cherry blossoms. These images were primarily intended for foreign tourists, who were eager to buy souvenirs that romanticised Japan’s feudal past.
The Dual Market for Photographs
This demand for exotic images created a “dual market” for photographs in 19th century Japan. One market catered to foreign tourists, while the other depicted the real, modernised Japan. Japanese photographers who set up their own studios focused on scenes of modernisation, while European photographers near popular hotels catered to tourists with their staged and posed scenes of traditional Japanese life.
The Tension Between Modernisation and Traditionalism
The popularity of exotic photographs among foreign tourists reveals a tension between modernisation and traditionalism in Japanese society. While Japan was rapidly industrialising, there was also a desire to preserve the country’s traditional culture and heritage. This tension is reflected in the dual market for photographs, which catered to both the desire for modernity and the nostalgia for the past.
Photography and Commercial Success
The production of exotic photographs for foreign tourists was a lucrative business. Many of these images were mass-produced and sold as souvenirs. The commercial success of these photographs demonstrates the power of photography to shape perceptions and create a demand for certain types of images.
The Role of Photography in Documenting Truth
While photographs can be powerful tools for documenting truth, they can also be used to deceive. The staged and posed photographs of 19th century Japan presented a romanticised and idealised version of the country. It is important to be aware of the potential for photographs to be manipulated and to critically evaluate the images we see.
Photography and the Shaping of Tourism
Photography played a significant role in shaping tourism in 19th century Japan. The exotic images of geisha, samurai, and cherry blossoms helped to create a romanticised and alluring image of the country that attracted foreign tourists. This demand for exotic experiences continues to influence tourism in Japan today.
Lessons for Today
The story of photography in 19th century Japan offers valuable lessons for today. It reminds us that photographs can be powerful tools for shaping perceptions and creating a demand for certain types of images. It also highlights the importance of critically evaluating the images we see and being aware of the potential for photographs to be manipulated.
